Long-term average spectra from a youth choir singing in three vocal registers and two dynamic levels.
Identifieur interne : 000159 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000158; suivant : 000160Long-term average spectra from a youth choir singing in three vocal registers and two dynamic levels.
Auteurs : Richard J. Morris [États-Unis] ; Sten Ternström ; Jeannette Lovetri ; Dianne BerkunSource :
- Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation [ 1873-4588 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- physiologie : Glotte, Phonation, Qualité de la voix.
- Acoustique de la voix, Adolescent, Enfant, Facteurs temps, Femelle, Humains, Musique, Mâle, Phonétique, Études de suivi.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Glottis, Phonation, Voice Quality.
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Music, Phonetics, Speech Acoustics, Time Factors.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Few studies have reported the acoustic characteristics of youth choirs. In addition, scant data are available on youth choruses making the adjustments needed to sing at different dynamic levels in different registers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to acoustically analyze the singing of a youth chorus to observe the evidence of the adjustments that they made to sing at two dynamic levels in three singing registers.
STUDY DESIGN
Single-group observational study.
METHODS
The participants were 47 members of the Brooklyn Youth Chorus who sang the same song sample in head, mixed, and chest voice at piano and forte dynamic levels. The song samples were recorded and analyzed using long-term average spectra and related spectral measures.
RESULTS
The spectra revealed different patterns among the registers. These differences imply that the singers were making glottal adjustments to sing the different register and dynamic level versions of the song. The duration of the closed phase, as estimated from the amplitudes of the first two harmonics, differed between the chest and head register singing at both dynamic levels. In addition, the spectral slopes differed among all three registers at both dynamic levels.
CONCLUSIONS
These choristers were able to change registers and dynamic levels quickly and with minimal prompting. Also, these acoustic measures may be a useful tool for evaluating some singing skills of young choristers.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.003
PubMed: 21051200
Affiliations:
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Morris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1200, USA. rmorris@fsu.edu</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Florida 32306-1200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ternstrom, Sten" sort="Ternstrom, Sten" uniqKey="Ternstrom S" first="Sten" last="Ternström">Sten Ternström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lovetri, Jeannette" sort="Lovetri, Jeannette" uniqKey="Lovetri J" first="Jeannette" last="Lovetri">Jeannette Lovetri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berkun, Dianne" sort="Berkun, Dianne" uniqKey="Berkun D" first="Dianne" last="Berkun">Dianne Berkun</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:21051200</idno><idno type="pmid">21051200</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.003</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000184</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000184</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000181</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000181</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000181</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Long-term average spectra from a youth choir singing in three vocal registers and two dynamic levels.</title><author><name sortKey="Morris, Richard J" sort="Morris, Richard J" uniqKey="Morris R" first="Richard J" last="Morris">Richard J. Morris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1200, USA. rmorris@fsu.edu</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Florida 32306-1200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ternstrom, Sten" sort="Ternstrom, Sten" uniqKey="Ternstrom S" first="Sten" last="Ternström">Sten Ternström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lovetri, Jeannette" sort="Lovetri, Jeannette" uniqKey="Lovetri J" first="Jeannette" last="Lovetri">Jeannette Lovetri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berkun, Dianne" sort="Berkun, Dianne" uniqKey="Berkun D" first="Dianne" last="Berkun">Dianne Berkun</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-4588</idno><imprint><date when="2012" type="published">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Child (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Glottis (physiology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Music (MeSH)</term><term>Phonation (physiology)</term><term>Phonetics (MeSH)</term><term>Speech Acoustics (MeSH)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Voice Quality (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acoustique de la voix (MeSH)</term><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Enfant (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs temps (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Glotte (physiologie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Musique (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Phonation (physiologie)</term><term>Phonétique (MeSH)</term><term>Qualité de la voix (physiologie)</term><term>Études de suivi (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glotte</term><term>Phonation</term><term>Qualité de la voix</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Glottis</term><term>Phonation</term><term>Voice Quality</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Music</term><term>Phonetics</term><term>Speech Acoustics</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acoustique de la voix</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Musique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Phonétique</term><term>Études de suivi</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS</b></p><p>Few studies have reported the acoustic characteristics of youth choirs. In addition, scant data are available on youth choruses making the adjustments needed to sing at different dynamic levels in different registers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to acoustically analyze the singing of a youth chorus to observe the evidence of the adjustments that they made to sing at two dynamic levels in three singing registers.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>STUDY DESIGN</b></p><p>Single-group observational study.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>The participants were 47 members of the Brooklyn Youth Chorus who sang the same song sample in head, mixed, and chest voice at piano and forte dynamic levels. The song samples were recorded and analyzed using long-term average spectra and related spectral measures.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The spectra revealed different patterns among the registers. These differences imply that the singers were making glottal adjustments to sing the different register and dynamic level versions of the song. The duration of the closed phase, as estimated from the amplitudes of the first two harmonics, differed between the chest and head register singing at both dynamic levels. In addition, the spectral slopes differed among all three registers at both dynamic levels.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>These choristers were able to change registers and dynamic levels quickly and with minimal prompting. Also, these acoustic measures may be a useful tool for evaluating some singing skills of young choristers.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">21051200</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2012</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2013</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-4588</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>26</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2012</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</Title></Journal><ArticleTitle>Long-term average spectra from a youth choir singing in three vocal registers and two dynamic levels.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>30-6</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.003</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Few studies have reported the acoustic characteristics of youth choirs. In addition, scant data are available on youth choruses making the adjustments needed to sing at different dynamic levels in different registers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to acoustically analyze the singing of a youth chorus to observe the evidence of the adjustments that they made to sing at two dynamic levels in three singing registers.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STUDY DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Single-group observational study.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">The participants were 47 members of the Brooklyn Youth Chorus who sang the same song sample in head, mixed, and chest voice at piano and forte dynamic levels. The song samples were recorded and analyzed using long-term average spectra and related spectral measures.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The spectra revealed different patterns among the registers. These differences imply that the singers were making glottal adjustments to sing the different register and dynamic level versions of the song. The duration of the closed phase, as estimated from the amplitudes of the first two harmonics, differed between the chest and head register singing at both dynamic levels. In addition, the spectral slopes differed among all three registers at both dynamic levels.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">These choristers were able to change registers and dynamic levels quickly and with minimal prompting. Also, these acoustic measures may be a useful tool for evaluating some singing skills of young choristers.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2012 The Voice Foundation. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morris</LastName><ForeName>Richard J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1200, USA. rmorris@fsu.edu</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ternström</LastName><ForeName>Sten</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>LoVetri</LastName><ForeName>Jeannette</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berkun</LastName><ForeName>Dianne</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2010</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Voice</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8712262</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0892-1997</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005931" MajorTopicYN="N">Glottis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009146" MajorTopicYN="Y">Music</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010699" MajorTopicYN="N">Phonation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010700" MajorTopicYN="N">Phonetics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013061" MajorTopicYN="Y">Speech Acoustics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014833" MajorTopicYN="N">Voice Quality</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2010</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2010</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2010</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2010</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2012</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21051200</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0892-1997(10)00125-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.07.003</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Berkun, Dianne" sort="Berkun, Dianne" uniqKey="Berkun D" first="Dianne" last="Berkun">Dianne Berkun</name><name sortKey="Lovetri, Jeannette" sort="Lovetri, Jeannette" uniqKey="Lovetri J" first="Jeannette" last="Lovetri">Jeannette Lovetri</name><name sortKey="Ternstrom, Sten" sort="Ternstrom, Sten" uniqKey="Ternstrom S" first="Sten" last="Ternström">Sten Ternström</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Morris, Richard J" sort="Morris, Richard J" uniqKey="Morris R" first="Richard J" last="Morris">Richard J. 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